On 3rd January 2025, the Prime Minister paid heartfelt tributes to Savitribai Phule on the occasion of her 193rd birth anniversary, commemorating her pioneering role in shaping India's education system, especially for women and marginalized communities.
Early Life and Education
Born on 3rd January 1831 in Satara, Maharashtra, Savitribai hailed from the marginalized Mali community. Despite the prevailing social norms of the time, she married Jyotirao Phule, a progressive social reformer who became instrumental in her education. Savitribai enrolled in two teacher's training programs—one under Cynthia Farrar, an American missionary, in Ahmednagar, and another at the Normal School in Pune.
Revolutionary Contributions
Education for Women: In 1848, Savitribai founded the first school for girls in Pune, a monumental step in promoting education among girls in a society resistant to change. Over time, the Phules established and ran 18 schools, advancing education for women and marginalized groups.
Advocacy for the Downtrodden: Savitribai and Jyotirao Phule were firm advocates for the education and upliftment of the Dalit community. They founded institutions like the Native Male School, Pune and the Society for Promoting the Education of Mahar, Mangs, which were pivotal in empowering the downtrodden sections of society.
Combating Social ills: In 1863, they established Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha, India's first shelter dedicated to combating female infanticide and supporting pregnant Brahmin widows, as well as rape victims. This was a groundbreaking initiative that addressed critical gender issues and provided a safe space for vulnerable women.
Literary Contributions
Savitribai was not only a social reformer but also an accomplished writer. Her notable works include:
Kavya Phule (1854): A collection of poetry that encapsulated her thoughts on education, social reform, and empowerment.
Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar (1892): A literary work that highlighted the importance of social equality and the need for education across all sections of society.
Go, Get Education: A powerful poem advocating for the empowerment of women through education, urging them to break the shackles of ignorance.
Legacy
Savitribai Phule's tireless efforts, alongside those of her husband Jyotirao Phule, laid the foundations for a more equitable and progressive society. They critiqued social oppression, with Jyotirao's book Gulamgiri and the Satyashodhak Samaj (founded in 1873) advocating for education, equality, and the abolition of untouchability.
Despite facing immense opposition from orthodox sections of society—including physical and social assaults, being stoned and abused—Savitribai Phule's dedication to the cause of education and social justice has left an indelible mark on India's history. Her legacy continues to inspire generations in the fight for gender equality, education, and social upliftment.